The conference experience at each hub depends on the number of local participants and the time difference to the nearest reference. Three reference hubs are located exactly 8 h apart additional hubs are within 2 h and their programs are aligned with the closest reference hub. Local programs comprise morning and afternoon/evening sessions (recordings from night sessions can be watched later).

Conference sessions are confined to three equally-spaced 4-h UTC timeslots. We propose a global multi-hub solution in which all hubs interact daily in real time with all other hubs in parallel sessions by internet videoconferencing. Multi-hub conferences mix real and virtual interactions during talks and social breaks and are distributed across nominally equal hubs. Hybrid conferences (physical meetings with additional virtual presentations) tend to discriminate against non-fliers and encourage unsustainable flying. Virtual conferences are sustainable and inclusive regardless of participant mobility (financial means, caring commitments, disability), but lack face-to-face contact. New conference formats are emerging in response to COVID-19 and climate change.

4Department of Music, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.

3Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.

2School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

1Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Richard Parncutt 1*, PerMagnus Lindborg 2, Nils Meyer-Kahlen 3 and Renee Timmers 4

Nonton film semi maria ozawa species